Close up shots are usually used to highlight the features of a persons face or to exaggerate the existence of an object.
A medium shot is known for being a “sweet spot” at medium distance of an object or person, allowing viewers to oversee how the subject interacts with it's environment.
Long shot or wide shot is used to set the scene and the character’s place within it in a broader sense, it shows the full length of the subject as well as a large surrounding area.
Extreme close up shots are even further exaggerating a person's expression and reminding the audience that something is amiss or something important will happen or is happening.
The extreme long shot is a further modification of the long shot, it is shot so far from the subject that they aren’t necessarily in the focus anymore but rather the surrounding area.
A high angle shot is when a camera at an elevated position points down at the subjects below.
Over the shoulder shot is used when two or more characters are talking to each other.
Bird’s eye shots can be identified by a camera located overhead, usually shot by a drone or perched at a high building, to capture everything below.